Classical empires of SEA critique + essay Research Paper

Classical empires of SEA critique + essay - Research Paper Example Eurocentric in this context implies a term having its origin from Western Europe, but with no historical significance to the historical context of SEA people. According to Aung-Thwin,2 when historians refer to the â€Å"classical† period in Southeast Asia, they are usually referring to the period between the ninth and fourteenth centuries AD. In other words, the use of the term â€Å"classical† refers to civilization of SEA ancient kingdoms. The term refers to specific dynamics in the past considered critical in shaping the current dynamics in SEA countries. Moreover, as Aung-Twin argues, the word â€Å"classical† in SEA historical context was only recently used. Its use gained root in lectures and seminars during the 1960s and 1970s by western history scholars.3 Importantly, the term â€Å"classical† was first used when a group of western scholars of SEA studies met in 1977 to discuss â€Å"indigenous conceptual systems† among the â€Å"Indic† states.4 After some heated discussions among the scholars in the conference, the term â€Å"Indic† was deliberately replaced by the term â€Å"clas sical,† and all the following scholastic work in SEA studies started bearing the term â€Å"classical† instead. Essentially, the aim of the scholars was to separate the SEA historical context into distinct and systematic periods that successfully built on one another, similar to the European pre-medieval to post medieval periods. Therefore, judging from these dynamics, the term â€Å"classical† is Eurocentric and does not have any relevancy or meaning to the SEA people regarding their history. In addition, the current breed of scholars have refrained from writing anything about the classical SEA as people are more and more becoming aware of Eurocentrism, which is portrayed as a biased interpretation of history. The fact that earlier scholars chose to dwell on â€Å"classicalness† of SEA may be because they were Western educated, different from the current

Feudalism Study Essay Example for Free

Feudalism Study Essay There is no specific start or end date when it comes to feudalism in Germany or anywhere. It is best to say that feudalism in Europe occurred during the period known as the High Middle Ages. Classical feudalism occurred around the 10th century. The height of feudalism was during the 11th century and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. The decline started in the 13th century and continued until about the 15th century. Feudalism had its strong and weak points. Its strong points include things like a safer society, if compared to the late Roman empire and to Barbaric invasions. Feudalism divided people who lived to fight from quiet people, who did not want to be involved in wars. Wars were more diffused but seldom involving civilians. They were a problem between nobles. There was more social security; people were linked to their land or work. Somebody could not take land from somebody else without a good reason. The taxes were much lower than that of the late Roman Empire, and nothing if compared to today. The weak points of feudalism were that people were linked to their role; a noble would always have to be a noble, a knight would always be ready to fight, a peasant could no nothing more than to be a peasant. Feudalism went away slowly in Germany. The rise of powerful monarchs in France, Spain, and England broke down local organization. Another disruptive force was the increase of communication, which broke down the isolated manor, assisted the rise of towns, and facilitated the emergence of the burgess class. This process was greatly accelerated in the 14th cent. and did much to destroy the feudal classifications of society. The system broke down gradually. It persisted in Germany until 1848. Many relics of feudalism still persist, and its influence remains on the institutions of Western Europe.

The Theory Of Supply And Hilton Hotels Economics Essay

The Theory Of Supply And Hilton Hotels Economics Essay Hilton hotels are among those hotels in world who provide all facilities that a normal person expects from caterings to business travel and leisure guests. They own more than 2700 hotels around the world starting from Europe to Asia. Their online sales at present are at the top of the list compared to other hotels. The hotel was founded in the year 1919, and the founder of Hilton hotel is Conard Hilton. Conard Hilton was a well disciplined and determined person who always had a keen interest in expanding the hotel space by every square foot so as to make the customers happy feel comfortable. In the year 1919 in Cisco, Texas, the first Hilton hotel was constructed by Mr. Hilton. And the Paris, the granddaughter of Conard Hilton, who has estimate $300 million family fortune. She is one of the hotel magnates of this huge Hilton organisation. Conard Hiltons (1887-1979) birth place is San Antonio. He made a statement that the hotel established by him was one of the best in all cities and he posted the phrase Take me to Hilton. Hilton hotels are popular for offering high class accommodation facilities for their guest in the busy destinations. Mp3 friendly alarms are established for the guest to wake up and the guest has full freedom to select his or her own tunes for the day. They are famous for the level and comfort that they provide to their customers. At present the Port of San Diego and Hilton are planning to establish a hotel with 1200 rooms on the waterfront adjacent to the San Diego Convention Centre. With the hard work and dedication by the meeting planners of Hilton hotel the H Honours program effectiveness has grown from 34% in 2002 to 40% now. Using the same business rate stay, the program members earn both H Honours points as well as airline miles, and this is usually called as Double Dipping. And there is a card called The American Express Hilton H honours Program Credit card through which a customer can earn points and have a free stay at Hilton hotel as well. Hilton Malta which is one of the most prestigious hotel promises the words best in accommodation for their customers, with high class treatment and service. The top priority chain of Hilton is their business travel. Using this they have made a huge change in their organisation as well. Since 1919, every time they have opened a way for new innovations for executives. The Managing Director of Sales in Business Travel for Hilton Hotel Corporation at present is Maureen Mackey. Hilton hotels are at present the official hotel group of uk. They have more than 2700 hotels around the globe at present. Supply The theory of supply considered as one of the fundamental theory in the economics. According to the economic point of view supply means that the amount of the product that producers willing to provide at a particular price over a given period of time. Law of supply Law of supply means that when other things are equal there will be a direct relationship between price and quantity of supply. We can explain easily with a diagram In this diagram x axis shows that quantity of supply that provided by producers to customers and y axiss explain price of the product. The first time price is p1 and quantity of supply is q1. Then there is a increase in price from p1 to p2 as a result supply also increases to q1 to q2.this is considered as theory of supply Factors affecting Supply There are many factors that affecting supply of a commodity or services the main factors are Price of the commodity: There is a direct relation between price and supply of a product or service. That means when price of a commodity increases producers try to sell more unit of the product. Because main goal of every firm is to achieve profit. When price increases producers try to achieve more by increasing supply of that product or services Price of factors of production Factors of production also influence supply. The word factors of production is mainly included land labour..etc .so when price of factors of production increases producers cannot supply much to consumer. On the same time he can increase his production or he can supply more products when the price of factors of production decreases Prices of other commodities: Price of other commodities means that in a company producer produce two products on the same time. But the quantity of the product supplied will be different. Because it depends upon the price of product. That is if one commodity got high price firm try to supply more of that commodity Change in cost of production: like factors of production cost of production also important in change in supply. Because firm can supply more unit of product by reducing cost of production Technological advancement: technological advantage is very important in every part of product. That is there is a direct relation between technology and supply. When technology improve supply also improve Climate: weather or climate is always influence change in supply. When there is a good climate Firm can supply a good quantity of product Taste and preference Taste and preference always help firm to achieve increase in supply. That means if firm can produce goods which can satisfy peoples taste then producer can supply a good amount of product Tax rate Tax rate and subsidies plays an important role in supply of a product. There is a relation between both of them. For example if tax rate of a product or services increases producers try to reduce the supply of that particular product. If tax rate fall firms try to sell more of product as possible but subsidies have different look if subsidies that given to a firm will increases producers try to increase supply of that product and vice versa Governments influence Every organisation needs a good climate of administration otherwise new producers will not enter in market. On the same time governments should give a liberal policy to business man if not that will affect supply of commodity. If government restriction is highly in a state producers are not willing to supply more quantity of product and vice versa B) Price elasticity of supply Price elasticity of supply is also considered as one of the major principles of economics. Price elasticity means that the relationship between changes in quantity supplied and changes in price. For the measurement of this change is known as price elasticity of supply. There is a formula for that price elasticity of supply that is PES =change in quantity supplied/change in price There is many kind of elasticity is there this all based on change in price rate. They are perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, elastic, inelastic and unit elastic. We can elaborate this 1) Perfectly elastic That means at the current price suppliers can supply any amount 2) Perfectly inelastic Perfectly inelastic means change in price does not affect quantity of supply. That means the rate of supply is always same when price change 3) Elastic Elastic means that when price increases supply also increases but change in supply wil be more than when it compare to price 4) Inelastic Inelastic means that there is a small proportion of change in price leads to large proportion of supply 5) Unit Unit elasticity means that rate of change in supply and rate of change in price will be same. These are the main 5 elasticity of supply .there are many factors that affect elasticity of supply they are following 1) Spare production capacity It means that if business got a spare capacity for his production then business can increase output as a result supply will be elastic to demand .that is why in recession time goods and services of Hilton hotel remain elastic (2) Stocks of finished products and components It means that raw materials and finished goods are high level in a market the supply will be elastic. On other hand if stocks or finished goods are low at market. Supply should be inelastic to its demand (3) The ease and cost of factor substitution This means that if factors of production are easily available or mobility of production factors are high that will affect elasticity of supply .that means it should be high. The hotels like Hilton always try to keep their factors available easily otherwise that will affect their business badly (4) Time period involved in the production process Time period is considered as one of the major factor that affect production process. That is usually supply of a product is high elastic at long time period because producers can adjust or rearrange production.

The Selfish King in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear Willia

The Selfish King in Shakespeare's King Lear In Shakespeare's King Lear a king is stripped of his land, wealth, soldiers, and all of his power because he is stubborn, egocentric, and unkind. Other than losing money and power he loses his three daughters as well. Lear?s pride is so overwhelming that he is unwilling to allow anyone to contradict him. If anyone (besides his fool) even remotely hints that his actions were wrong he gets unnecessarily enraged. King Lear acts very harshly to his daughters and should receive the appropriate punishment. Although King Lear completely deserves what he gets and has put his youngest daughter through so much torture, he is not entirely awful. He is a respectable king who people look up to. When Kent informs Lear of his drastic mistake Lear?s pride takes control of him and he banishes his loyal friend, Kent. Kent is almost like a brother to Lear. He is Lear?s most trusty friend and basically the king?s right hand man. Because Lear is so arrogant and proud, he will not accept any disagreement from anyone. Kent explains to Lear that he has made a mistake in banishing Cordelia and Lear explodes with fury at Kent. This is the response Kent receives in return for correcting the king. ?To come betwixt our sentence and our power, which nor our nature nor our place can bear, our potency made good, take thy reward: ?turn thy hated back upon our kingdom. If ?thy banished trunk be found in our dominions, the moment is thy death.? (I.1.194-202). King Lear is saying that Kent is now a traitor, and since he points out a mistake in the king?s judgment he should be banished. If Kent shows his body in Lear?s kingdom once again h... ...ecisions. When Kent reveals that banishing Cordelia was an unwise decision Lear exiles Kent, his most trusted friend. There are many terrible deeds that Lear commits, but also has several unpleasant ones committed on him by his daughters. Even though there are horrible things done to king Lear, the terrible things that Lear do outweighs them. Lear deserves his punishment, should live up to his mistakes, and do whatever he can to correct those mistakes. Works Cited and Consulted Schneider, Ben R. Jr. "King Lear in Its Own Time: The Difference That Death Makes." Early Modern Literary Studies 1 (1995). Shakespeare, William. "King Lear." William Shakespeare: the Tragedies, the Poems. Ed. John D. Wilson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2006. Stern, Jeffrey. ?King Lear: The Transference of the Kingdom.? Shakespeare Quarterly, 1990. Folger Shakespeare Library.

Black Elk Speaks by John G. Neihardt Essay

Black Elk Speaks by John G. Neihardt is the story told by an Ogalala Lakota Sioux of his life in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Yet Black Elk is reluctant to tell â€Å"his† story because he does not separate himself from all life, â€Å"my friend, I am going to tell you the story of my life, †¦ It is the story of all life that is holy and good to tell† (Neihardt 1). Within the Lakota there is a sense of community that is both innocent and refreshing. For Black Elk the community includes all life, â€Å"of us two-leggeds sharing it with the four-leggeds and the wings of the air and all green things; for these are the children of one mother and their father is one Spirit† (Neihardt 9). The community was the earth and everything that lived on it and the great spirit above. Prior to the arrival of the Waischus, the Americans moving from the east, the Lakota life seems idyllic, â€Å"once we were happy in our own country and we were seldom hungry, for then the two-leggeds and the four-leggeds lived together like relatives, and there was plenty for them and for us† (Neihardt 9). Contrast this â€Å"universal community† with that in O! Pioneers by Willa Cather. The community of the pioneers in Nebraska was much more tightly focused into increasingly smaller groups: the community, the neighbors, the family and the individual. This smallness of community did not lead to a community of satisfied people sharing a life together. Instead, it seemed to lead to a desire to compete for more and more land. Yet, when they had worked hard for their land, they didn’t find happiness, they weren’t satisfied, they just wanted more. When people begin to talk about Alexandria’s friend Carl who was staying with her and people are saying that Alexandria is going to give him her money. Her brothers are angry, they had planned that Alexandria would leave her property to her nieces and nephews. â€Å"‘Give him?’ Lou shouted. ‘Our property, our homestead?'† (Cather 142). It wasn’t their land but they wanted it, they wanted if for the money it would make, not because their money and property had made them happy, for it hadn’t, but just because they didn’t want someone else to have it (Cather 140-147). The Lakota did not own property, but they were happy. They lived with it. They took what they needed and left the rest. Despite the prominence of the community in Black Elk Speaks, there is an acceptance of what is different. When Black Elk told his father of his vision, his father accepted it immediately and began helping him develop his power. Contrast this with the treatment of Crazy Ivar in O! Pioneers. Crazy Ivar was a man who chose to live alone in a sod house, wore no shoes, ate no meat and spent his time reading his Norwegian Bible or building a pond where migrating birds could rest. People were afraid of Crazy Ivar because he was different. They were frightened of him and wanted to put him in an asylum (Cather 84-5). Unlike the Lakota, the Waischus wanted to acquire land and they fought to change it and mold it into the way they wanted it to be. Alexandria, in O! Pioneers is an admirable woman. She is strong, courageous, and self-sufficient. Alexandria was in many ways the ideal American pioneer who worked hard and gained her fortune. Even today the American public is much more likely to admire a self-made millionaire than they are a man who leads a simple life and is happy. Despite this attitude, the fast-paced life of the hardworking American today seems to lead to anger, road rage, and frustration. The damage that has been done to the planet in the last century will take years to repair, if it can ever be done. Given these things, one wonders if the Waischus chose the right path. Works Cited Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1932.    Cather, Willa. O Pioneers!. Los Angeles: LRS, 1997.   

Free Essays on The Talented Mr. Ripley

The Talented Mr. Ripley By: Patricia Highsmith Copyright  © 1955 Setting: The Talented Mr. Ripley takes place somewhere in the mid 1950s to the early 1960s. The year is never said in the book. When letters are written the people only use â€Å"19- †. The book is mainly set in and around Italy, but some parts of it are set in the United States. A lot of traveling and moving is done, so lots of cities are home to the main character, Tom, during the duration of the book However, Mongibello and Rome are two cities that he seems to stay in for a while. Major Character Descriptions: Tom Ripley is a twenty-five year old American sent to Italy by Herbert Greenleaf to bring his son, Dickie, home. But, unbeknownst to Mr.Greenleaf, Tom is a master of forgery. Shy, but easily angered, Tom befriends Dickie and stays with him in Italy. Everything goes along well until Dickie starts to push Tom out of his life. Tom ends up killing Dickie, and pretends to be him. To keep his secret Tom has to kill one of Dickie’s friends, and later reclaim his own life. Dickie Greenleaf a young twenty-five year old American who lives in Mongibello, Italy. His parents send Tom Ripley to bring him home. Dickie takes an almost immediate liking to Tom, and they become good friends. They start doing many things together until it’s just too much. Dickie starts spending more of his time with his girl friend Marge, and Tom doesn’t like that. Dickie becomes bored with Tom, so one day Tom becomes enraged by this and decides to kill Dickie. As the only other American in Mongibello, Marge Sherwood is a good friend with Dickie. She doesn’t like Tom as much as Dickie. She believes he is a fraud who is after Dickie’s money and love. These opinions arose from feeling abandoned by Dickie when Tom came to town. Tom hates her because of this, and they begin fighting for Dickie’s love. When Tom poses as Dickie he makes as if he wins. This Dickie moves away ... Free Essays on The Talented Mr. Ripley Free Essays on The Talented Mr. Ripley The Talented Mr. Ripley By: Patricia Highsmith Copyright  © 1955 Setting: The Talented Mr. Ripley takes place somewhere in the mid 1950s to the early 1960s. The year is never said in the book. When letters are written the people only use â€Å"19- †. The book is mainly set in and around Italy, but some parts of it are set in the United States. A lot of traveling and moving is done, so lots of cities are home to the main character, Tom, during the duration of the book However, Mongibello and Rome are two cities that he seems to stay in for a while. Major Character Descriptions: Tom Ripley is a twenty-five year old American sent to Italy by Herbert Greenleaf to bring his son, Dickie, home. But, unbeknownst to Mr.Greenleaf, Tom is a master of forgery. Shy, but easily angered, Tom befriends Dickie and stays with him in Italy. Everything goes along well until Dickie starts to push Tom out of his life. Tom ends up killing Dickie, and pretends to be him. To keep his secret Tom has to kill one of Dickie’s friends, and later reclaim his own life. Dickie Greenleaf a young twenty-five year old American who lives in Mongibello, Italy. His parents send Tom Ripley to bring him home. Dickie takes an almost immediate liking to Tom, and they become good friends. They start doing many things together until it’s just too much. Dickie starts spending more of his time with his girl friend Marge, and Tom doesn’t like that. Dickie becomes bored with Tom, so one day Tom becomes enraged by this and decides to kill Dickie. As the only other American in Mongibello, Marge Sherwood is a good friend with Dickie. She doesn’t like Tom as much as Dickie. She believes he is a fraud who is after Dickie’s money and love. These opinions arose from feeling abandoned by Dickie when Tom came to town. Tom hates her because of this, and they begin fighting for Dickie’s love. When Tom poses as Dickie he makes as if he wins. This Dickie moves away ...